Cambodia-Thailand Conflict: History, Tensions, and Hopes for Peace
By The Oracle Daily | Updated July 25, 2025
Few conflicts in Southeast Asia carry as much history and emotion as the one between Cambodia and Thailand. At the center of this decades-long dispute is the Preah Vihear Temple, a stunning 900-year-old Khmer structure that stands as both a cultural icon and a political flashpoint.
For ordinary Cambodians and Thais, the temple is more than a religious monument – it’s tied to national pride, identity, and a story of borders that were drawn long before either country gained independence.
Why the Conflict Exists
The roots of the dispute stretch back to the early 20th century, during the colonial period. When French authorities governed Cambodia, they mapped the region and placed the Preah Vihear Temple inside Cambodian territory. Thailand, however, has long claimed that the land surrounding the temple belongs to them.
In 1962, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) sided with Cambodia, ruling that the temple itself was indeed Cambodian. While Thailand accepted the ruling, tensions over the 4.6 square kilometers of land around the temple have never fully disappeared.
“This isn’t just about land. It’s about history, identity, and the shared past of two proud nations,” explains Dr. Neth Savoeun, a Cambodian historian.
Skirmishes and Standoffs
From 2008 to 2011, the conflict turned violent again. UNESCO’s decision to grant World Heritage status to the temple reignited protests in Thailand, with many feeling that Cambodia was trying to claim more than what was legally theirs. Military clashes at the border resulted in casualties, injuries, and the evacuation of villages near the disputed area.
Efforts to Find Peace
Despite these tensions, both nations have made efforts to normalize relations. Bilateral meetings, with support from ASEAN, have been key in keeping the conflict from spiraling out of control. Tourism boards on both sides hope that one day the temple will be a symbol of cooperation instead of conflict.
In recent years, joint cultural programs and border trade fairs have helped create a friendlier environment. The younger generation, especially, is less interested in conflict and more focused on opportunities for travel, business, and cultural exchange.
Impact on Border Communities
For villagers living near the border, the conflict isn’t just political – it affects daily life. In times of military standoff, markets close, schools shut down, and families are forced to leave their homes. Yet, there are also stories of resilience. Local traders continue to cross the border to sell goods, proving that ordinary people want peace more than politics.
What Lies Ahead?
Experts believe that the Cambodia-Thailand conflict could gradually ease if both governments focus on economic collaboration, cultural diplomacy, and tourism. The Preah Vihear Temple could become a shared heritage site, attracting millions of visitors each year from across the globe.
The path to peace is not simple, but both nations have much to gain from stability. As Dr. Chaiyan from Thailand notes, “When we look at our history, we see pain. But when we look at our future, we must see opportunity.”
Conclusion
The Cambodia-Thailand conflict serves as a reminder that history can both unite and divide. The Preah Vihear Temple, with its breathtaking architecture, stands as a testament to shared culture and creativity – something both nations can be proud of. Lasting peace will depend on diplomacy, empathy, and the willingness to turn a page on old rivalries.